Overview
The Referencing
Which Reference Style Should I Use?
Most departments at Portsmouth use the APA 6th ed. style. APA 7th edition has been published, but students using APA must continue to use the 6th edition. Do not use the 7th edition.
Exceptions include:
- If writing about law, or for a qualifying law degree, and asked for footnotes use the OSCOLA style
- The School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences uses the Vancouver style
- History units taught in the School of Social, Historical & Literary Studies use the Chicago 16th ed. style. Guidance is available from The Chicago Manual of Style Online.
- Biology related subjects use a slightly altered version of the APA style
Check your course/unit handbook if unsure.
This guide aims to help you reference sources according to specific styles. Your department or lecturer may prefer you to reference sources differently.
Always follow the requirements of your department or lecturer.
External visitors are welcome to use this guide, but note that your institution's requirements may differ from those suggested here.